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更多>>測(cè)量時(shí)鐘振蕩器Cardinal頻率穩(wěn)定性
來(lái)源：http://www.jqhs.com.cn 作者：康比電子 2023年09月06
Cardinal Clock Oscillator Stability
Cardinal時(shí)鐘振蕩器穩(wěn)定性Measuring Clock Oscillator Frequency Stability
測(cè)量時(shí)鐘振蕩器頻率穩(wěn)定性
Oscillators exhibit a number of frequency/period instabilities. Manufacturers generally specify their oscillators in terms of short term, long term, and environmental frequency stability.
振蕩器表現(xiàn)出許多 頻率/周期不穩(wěn)定性。 制造商通常會(huì)指定他們的石英晶體振蕩器在短期內(nèi)長(zhǎng)期、長(zhǎng)期和環(huán)境頻率穩(wěn)定性
Environmental stability reflects the effects of temperature, vibration, power supply variations, and other environmental factors on an oscillator’s output frequency or phase. Figure 1 is an example of the stability of a clock oscillator during warmup from a cold start. The actually oscillator output is shown in Trace 2. The lower trace (trace B) is the trend of mean internal temperature (1mV = 1° C). It shows that during startup the internal temperature increases by about 8° C over a period of 2000 seconds. During that time the average change in the oscillators period is about ±25 ps. This is read in trace C which contains the smoothed measurement of the trend of time interval error at level (tie@lv) . Time interval error at level measures the time difference of an oscillator’s measured period from an ideal period. Trace A, the trend of tie @lv, is overlaid on the smoothed trace. It shows a peak to peak variation of slightly more than ±100 ps. Temperature variation has little effect on this oscillator.
環(huán)境穩(wěn)定性反映了溫度、振動(dòng)、電源變化和其他環(huán)境因素對(duì)振蕩器輸出頻率或相位的影響。圖1是時(shí)鐘振蕩器在冷啟動(dòng)預(yù)熱期間的穩(wěn)定性示例。實(shí)際振蕩器輸出如圖2所示。較低的軌跡（軌跡B）是平均內(nèi)部溫度（1mV=1°C）的趨勢(shì)。它表明，在啟動(dòng)過(guò)程中，內(nèi)部溫度在2000秒內(nèi)增加了約8°C。在這段時(shí)間內(nèi)，石英晶體振蕩器周期的平均變化約為±25 ps。這在軌跡C中讀取，軌跡C包含對(duì)水平上時(shí)間間隔誤差趨勢(shì)的平滑測(cè)量(tie@lv)。電平上的時(shí)間間隔誤差測(cè)量振蕩器的測(cè)量周期與理想周期的時(shí)間差。軌跡A（tie@lv的趨勢(shì)）覆蓋在平滑軌跡上。它顯示出略高于±100 ps的峰間變化。溫度變化對(duì)這個(gè)振蕩器幾乎沒(méi)有影響
Long term stability, illustrated in figure 2, involves a gradual drift in oscillator timing. Long term stability generally includes oscillator aging but excludes environmentally induced drift. Aging, in crystal oscillator is caused by a variety of electromechanical mechanisms. Long term stability is usually expressed in parts per million or ppm. A typical specification of 10 ppm means that over a 1 ms interval the clock period can change by 10 ns: △t=1ms*(10/1,000,000) =10 ns
長(zhǎng)期穩(wěn)定性，如所示 圖2涉及一個(gè)逐漸漂移振蕩器定時(shí)。長(zhǎng)期的穩(wěn)定性通常包括振蕩器老化，但不包括環(huán)境引起的漂移。老化，在晶體振蕩器中引起通過(guò)各種機(jī)電 機(jī)制。長(zhǎng)期穩(wěn)定性 通常用份/來(lái)表示 百萬(wàn)或百萬(wàn)分之一。10 ppm的典型規(guī)格意味著 在1毫秒的時(shí)間間隔內(nèi)，時(shí)鐘 周期可以變化10 ns:△t=1ms*(10/1,000,000) =10ns
Short term stability is a function of noise signals within the oscillator and represents a phase modulation of the oscillator output. Short term stability can be specified in the time domain as jitter. The greatest drawback to this method of specifying short term stability is that it is dependent of the measurement interval. The longer the measurement observation time the greater the peak to peak jitter magnitude. Figure 3 shows a typical jitter measurement of a 400 MHz Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) oscillator. The mean or average period is 2.4999 ns with an rms jitter (sigma) of 7 ps and a peak to peak jitter (range) of 35 ps. Note that the manufacturer of this oscillator specifies that peak to peak jitter for a measurement duration of 1000 cycles.
短期穩(wěn)定性是一個(gè)函數(shù)振蕩器中的噪聲信號(hào)，代表一個(gè)貼片石英晶振相位振蕩器輸出的調(diào)制。短期穩(wěn)定性可以是 在時(shí)域中指定為 抖動(dòng)。最大的缺點(diǎn)是 這種指定short的方法術(shù)語(yǔ)穩(wěn)定性在于它依賴于測(cè)量間隔。 測(cè)量觀察時(shí)間越長(zhǎng) 峰峰值抖動(dòng)幅度。 圖3顯示了典型的抖動(dòng) 400 MHz的測(cè)量 表面聲波 振蕩器。平均值或平均數(shù) 均方根周期為2.4999 ns 7 ps的抖動(dòng)(σ)和峰值 峰值抖動(dòng)(范圍)為35 ps。 請(qǐng)注意，制造商這個(gè)振蕩器指定了那個(gè)峰值 為了測(cè)量峰值抖動(dòng) 1000個(gè)周期的持續(xù)時(shí)間。
Many manufacturers minimize the observation time dependency by specifying the oscillator short term stability in terms of the Allan Variance. The Allan Variance uses the frequency difference between adjacent frequency measurements, usually made with a frequency counter, to compute the variance of oscillator output frequency.
許多制造商盡量減少 觀察時(shí)間相關(guān)性 通過(guò)指定振蕩器短路 根據(jù)Allan方差的項(xiàng)穩(wěn)定性。艾倫方差 使用頻率差 相鄰頻率之間 測(cè)量，通常使用 一個(gè)頻率計(jì)數(shù)器，用來(lái)計(jì)算振蕩器輸出的方差 頻率。
Short term stability can also be specified in the frequency domain as phase noise. Phase noise characterizes the shape of the frequency spectrum of the oscillator. A typical phase noise specification is –100 dbC at 10 kHz offset from the carrier. Phase noise can be measured using a narrowband FFT spectrum analyzer (12-16 bit amplitude resolution) or a dedicated phase noise measurement system.
短期穩(wěn)定性也可以 在頻域中指定 作為相位噪聲。相位噪聲 表征的形狀振蕩器的頻譜。典型相位噪聲 10時(shí)的規(guī)格為–100 dbC 與載波的kHz偏移。 石英晶振相位噪聲可以使用窄帶FFT頻譜來(lái)測(cè)量 分析器(12-16位振幅 分辨率)或?qū)Ｓ秒A段 噪聲測(cè)量系統(tǒng)。
The greatest strength of the LeCroy jitter and timing analysis package is the ability to study both long term and short term variations in oscillator timing. Long memory and SmartTriggers make it easy to acquire and display this data Specialized jitter measurements combined with the capability to measure and correlate the effects of other parameters such as temperature or supply voltage are ideal for evaluating environmental stability
勒羅伊抖動(dòng)和時(shí)序分析的最大優(yōu)勢(shì)包是學(xué)習(xí)的能力 長(zhǎng)期和短期振蕩器定時(shí)的變化。 長(zhǎng)記憶和智能觸發(fā)器 使采集和顯示這種數(shù)據(jù)變得容易專(zhuān)門(mén)抖動(dòng) 測(cè)量值與 能夠測(cè)量和關(guān)聯(lián)溫度或電源電壓等其他參數(shù)的影響是評(píng)估環(huán)境穩(wěn)定性的理想選擇。
| 原廠編碼 | 品牌 | 系列 | Description描述 |
| CPPC5-A7BP-80.0TS | Cardinal晶振 | FIPO™ CPP | OSC XO 80.000MHZ CMOS SMD |
| CPPC7LZ-A7BR-36.864TS | Cardinal晶振 | FIPO™ CPP | OSC XO 36.864MHZ CMOS SMD |
| CPPLC7LT-BR-100.0TS | Cardinal晶振 | FIPO™ CPPL | OSC XO 100.000MHZ CMOS SMD |
| CPPC7L-B6-64.0TS | Cardinal晶振 | FIPO™ CPP | OSC XO 64.000MHZ CMOS SMD |
| CPPC7LZA7BP-25.0000TS | Cardinal晶振 | FIPO™ CPP | OSC XO 25.000MHZ CMOS SMD |
| CPPC7LZA7BP-3.579540TS | Cardinal晶振 | FIPO™ CPP | OSC XO 3.57954MHZ CMOS SMD |
| CPPC7LZA7BP-3.68640TS | Cardinal晶振 | FIPO™ CPP | OSC XO 3.6864MHZ CMOS SMD |
| CPPC7LZ-A7BP-14.318TS | Cardinal晶振 | FIPO™ CPP | OSC XO 14.318MHZ CMOS SMD |
| CPPC7L-A5BR-66.0TS | Cardinal晶振 | FIPO™ CPP | OSC XO 66.000MHZ CMOS SMD |
| CPPC7L-A5BR-8.192TS | Cardinal晶振 | FIPO™ CPP | OSC XO 8.192MHZ CMOS SMD |
| CPPC7L-B6-40.0TS | Cardinal晶振 | FIPO™ CPP | OSC XO 40.000MHZ CMOS SMD |
| CPPC7-A7BR-180.0TS | Cardinal晶振 | FIPO™ CPP | OSC XO 180.000MHZ CMOS SMD |
| CPPC7L-A7BP-63.0TS | Cardinal晶振 | FIPO™ CPP | OSC XO 63.000MHZ CMOS SMD |
| CPPC7L-A5BR-66.0PD | Cardinal晶振 | FIPO™ CPP | OSC XO 66.000MHZ CMOS SMD |
| CPPC7L-A7BP-11.0592TS | Cardinal晶振 | FIPO™ CPP | OSC XO 11.0592MHZ CMOS SMD |
| CPPC7L-A5B6-11.059TS | Cardinal晶振 | FIPO™ CPP | OSC XO 11.0592MHZ CMOS SMD |
| CPPC7L-A7BR-30.0TS | Cardinal晶振 | FIPO™ CPP | OSC XO 30.000MHZ CMOS SMD |
| CPPC7L-A7B6-130.0TS | Cardinal晶振 | FIPO™ CPP | OSC XO 130.000MHZ CMOS SMD |
| CPPC7L-A5B6-18.432TS | Cardinal晶振 | FIPO™ CPP | OSC XO 18.432MHZ CMOS SMD |
| CPPC7L-A5B6-22.1184TS | Cardinal晶振 | FIPO™ CPP | OSC XO 22.1184MHZ CMOS SMD |
| CPPC7-A7BP-28.0TS | Cardinal晶振 | FIPO™ CPP | OSC XO 28.000MHZ CMOS SMD |
| CPPC7L-A7B6-16.0PD | Cardinal晶振 | FIPO™ CPP | OSC XO 16.000MHZ CMOS SMD |
| CPPC7L-A5BP-100.0PD | Cardinal晶振 | FIPO™ CPP | OSC XO 100.000MHZ CMOS SMD |
| CPPC7L-A5BP-100.0TS | Cardinal晶振 | FIPO™ CPP | OSC XO 100.000MHZ CMOS SMD |
| CPPC7L-A5BP-2.048TS | Cardinal晶振 | FIPO™ CPP | OSC XO 2.048MHZ CMOS SMD |
| CPPC7L-A5BP-25.0TS | Cardinal晶振 | FIPO™ CPP | OSC XO 25.000MHZ CMOS SMD |
| CPPC7L-A7BP-12.0TS | Cardinal晶振 | FIPO™ CPP | OSC XO 12.000MHZ CMOS SMD |
| CPPC7L-A5BP-25.1658TS | Cardinal晶振 | FIPO™ CPP | OSC XO 25.1658MHZ CMOS SMD |
| CPPC7L-A5BP-31.25TS | Cardinal晶振 | FIPO™ CPP | OSC XO 31.25MHZ CMOS SMD |
| CPPC7L-A7BR-32.768TS | Cardinal晶振 | FIPO™ CPP | OSC XO 32.768MHZ CMOS SMD |
| CPPC7-A7BR-200.0TS | 進(jìn)口晶振 | FIPO™ CPP | OSC XO 200.000MHZ CMOS SMD |
| CPPC7L-A5BP-60.0TS | Cardinal晶振 | FIPO™ CPP | OSC XO 60.000MHZ CMOS SMD |
| CPPC7L-A5BP-62.5TS | Cardinal晶振 | FIPO™ CPP | OSC XO 62.50MHZ CMOS SMD |
| CPPC7L-A7BP-125.0TS | Cardinal晶振 | FIPO™ CPP | OSC XO 125.000MHZ CMOS SMD |
| CPPC7L-A5BP-66.0TS | Cardinal晶振 | FIPO™ CPP | OSC XO 66.000MHZ CMOS SMD |
| CPPC7L-A5BR-16.896TS | Cardinal晶振 | FIPO™ CPP | OSC XO 16.896MHZ CMOS SMD |
| CPPC7L-A7BR-33.3333TS | Cardinal晶振 | FIPO™ CPP | OSC XO 33.3333MHZ CMOS SMD |
| CPPC7L-A5BR-24.4196TS | Cardinal晶振 | FIPO™ CPP | OSC XO 24.4196MHZ CMOS SMD |
| CPPC7-A7BR-210.0TS | Cardinal晶振 | FIPO™ CPP | OSC XO 210.000MHZ CMOS SMD |
| CPPC7L-A5BR-24.6945TS | Cardinal晶振 | FIPO™ CPP | OSC XO 24.6945MHZ CMOS SMD |
| CPPC7L-A5BR-25.0TS | Cardinal晶振 | FIPO™ CPP | OSC XO 25.000MHZ CMOS SMD |
| CPPC7L-A7BR-40.0TS | Cardinal晶振 | FIPO™ CPP | OSC XO 40.000MHZ CMOS SMD |
| CPPC7L-A7BP-16.0000TS | Cardinal晶振 | FIPO™ CPP | OSC XO 16.000MHZ CMOS SMD |
| CPPC7L-A5BR-34.56TS | Cardinal晶振 | FIPO™ CPP | OSC XO 34.56MHZ CMOS SMD |
| CPPC7L-A5BR-40.0TS | Cardinal晶振 | FIPO™ CPP | OSC XO 40.000MHZ CMOS SMD |
| CPPC7L-A5BR-62.208TS | Cardinal晶振 | FIPO™ CPP | OSC XO 62.208MHZ CMOS SMD |
| CPPC7L-A7BR-10.368TS | Cardinal晶振 | FIPO™ CPP | OSC XO 10.368MHZ CMOS SMD |
| CPPC7L-A7B6-24.0TS | Cardinal晶振 | FIPO™ CPP | OSC XO 24.000MHZ CMOS SMD |
| CPPC7L-A7BP-100.0TS | Cardinal晶振 | FIPO™ CPP | OSC XO 100.000MHZ CMOS SMD |
| CPPC7L-A7BP-62.5TS | Cardinal晶振 | FIPO™ CPP | OSC XO 62.50MHZ CMOS SMD |
| CPPC7L-A7BR-28.63636TS | Cardinal晶振 | FIPO™ CPP | OSC XO 28.63636MHZ CMOS SMD |
| CPPC7-A7BP-25.175TS | Cardinal晶振 | FIPO™ CPP | OSC XO 25.175MHZ CMOS SMD |
| CPPC7L-A7BR-32.0TS | Cardinal晶振 | FIPO™ CPP | OSC XO 32.000MHZ CMOS SMD |
| CPPC7-A7BR-20.0TS | Cardinal晶振 | FIPO™ CPP | OSC XO 20.000MHZ CMOS SMD |
| CPPC7L-A7BP-78.0TS | Cardinal晶振 | FIPO™ CPP | OSC XO 78.000MHZ CMOS SMD |
| CPPC7L-A7B6-16.384TS | Cardinal晶振 | FIPO™ CPP | OSC XO 16.384MHZ CMOS SMD |
| CPPC7-A7BP-29.4912TS | Cardinal晶振 | FIPO™ CPP | OSC XO 29.4912MHZ CMOS SMD |
| CPPC7L-A7BP-8.0TS | Cardinal晶振 | FIPO™ CPP | OSC XO 8.000MHZ CMOS SMD |
| CPPC7-A7BP-3.6864PD | Cardinal晶振 | FIPO™ CPP | OSC XO 3.6864MHZ CMOS SMD |
| CPPC7L-A7B6-22.0000TS | Cardinal晶振 | FIPO™ CPP | OSC XO 22.000MHZ CMOS SMD |
| CPPC7L-A7BP-81.92TS | Cardinal晶振 | FIPO™ CPP | OSC XO 81.92MHZ CMOS SMD |
| CPPC7-A7BR-211.0TS | Cardinal晶振 | FIPO™ CPP | OSC XO 211.000MHZ CMOS SMD |
| CPPC7L-A7BR-40.32TS | Cardinal晶振 | FIPO™ CPP | OSC XO 40.32MHZ CMOS SMD |
| CPPC7-A7BP-30.0TS | Cardinal晶振 | FIPO™ CPP | OSC XO 30.000MHZ CMOS SMD |
| CPPC7-A7BR-28.0TS | Cardinal晶振 | FIPO™ CPP | OSC XO 28.000MHZ CMOS SMD |
| CPPC7L-A7BR-40.5PD | Cardinal晶振 | FIPO™ CPP | OSC XO 40.50MHZ CMOS SMD |
| CPPC7L-A7BP-2.0TS | Cardinal晶振 | FIPO™ CPP | OSC XO 2.000MHZ CMOS SMD |
| CPPC7-A7BP-32.0TS | Cardinal晶振 | FIPO™ CPP | OSC XO 32.000MHZ CMOS SMD |
| CPPC7-A7BP-4.0TS | Cardinal晶振 | FIPO™ CPP | OSC XO 4.000MHZ CMOS SMD |
| CPPC7L-A7BR-50.0TS | Cardinal晶振 | FIPO™ CPP | OSC XO 50.000MHZ CMOS SMD |
| CPPC7L-B6-14.318TS | Cardinal晶振 | FIPO™ CPP | OSC XO 14.318MHZ CMOS SMD |
| CPPC7L-B6-16.384TS | Cardinal晶振 | FIPO™ CPP | OSC XO 16.384MHZ CMOS SMD |
| CPPC7L-A7BP-49.152TS | Cardinal晶振 | FIPO™ CPP | OSC XO 49.152MHZ CMOS SMD |
| CPPC7L-A7BP-50.0TS | Cardinal晶振 | FIPO™ CPP | OSC XO 50.000MHZ CMOS SMD |
| CPPC7-A7BR-30.0TS | Cardinal晶振 | FIPO™ CPP | OSC XO 30.000MHZ CMOS SMD |
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